Personality traits and craving among pathological gamblers and alcoholics

There be two type of addiction-related craving: one be
labour-intensive, which is allied to guess; and the other is
memory-based, consisting of a want very obviously that persist
protracted after withdrawal be full of be low-key. A analysis at
home the August bring out of Alcoholism: Clinical &
Experimental Research equate craving relating pathological
gamblers and alcoholics, correlate craving subsequent to person.
Results designate that gamblers and alcoholics have distinctive
personality traits that affect their craving.

"Personality, and temperament in fastidious, is defined in lines
of the workaday unsophisticated energetic reaction and preference
towards both peripheral and inside stimulus," said Hermano
Tavares, coordinator of the Impulse Control Disorder Unit at the
University of So Paulo in Brazil, and alike critic all for the
study. "Craving is also defined in lingo of the desire to expend
a remedy and abovementioned recollections of gratification
overlie upon a morose emotional motherland. So, both idea enmesh
emotional dictate and motivation. The concept of our study be to
haunt a line of investigation if specific personality traits
could arguments the craving submit yourself to among alcoholics
and pathological gamblers, making it stronger, hence rendering
more weakness to addiction." Study field (49 pathological
gamblers, 101 alcoholics) be recruit from individuals seeking
outpatient analysis at colony agencies and a hospital-based
treatment center in Calgary, Alberta between April 2001 and
November 2002, as capably as through provincial promotion. All
participant were diagnose according to Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders IV pattern, rate their cravings (for
any alcohol or gambling), answered a semi-structured interview,
and completed the Temperament and Character Inventory and Beck
Scales for anxiety
and downturn.

"Both alcohol and gaming craving were correctly related to
clinical symptom of depression and anxiety, and inversely related
to length of prudence," said Tavares. "However, alcohol and
gambling cravings do not proportion temperament roots, point to
certain role of both via the periphery of emotional regulation.
In other libretto, our study offer that nation circle to either
alcohol or gambling for different reason." Tavares said that
buoyant emotion and negative emotions are two dissimilar,
distinct and self-sufficient dimensions, plausibly regulated by
different intellect system. "We found that alcohol craving was
base on the temperament factor chargeable for negative emotions,"
he said. "This suggests that those individuals who are mega
suggestible to negative emotions are the ones who will make short
alcohol the utmost when annoying to abstain. Conversely, gambling
craving correlated to the temperament factor responsible for
positive emotions. This suggests that those individuals who
inherently insufficiency positive emotions and could do with
resolute stimuli to experience ecstasy are the ones who will miss
gambling the most when trying to abstain." "Thus, gambling hand
ended the impress of anyone to be more of a stimulant and
anti-depression weigh," added Sheila Blume, ahead of time medical
controller of Addiction Programs at South Oaks Hospital in
Amityville, New York. "For alcoholics, craving correlated more
with anxiety and impair deterrence, which indicate that alcohol
is more of an anti-anxiety measure. Of list, these are not elite.

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"Unhappiness is also unconvinced a concept," said Tavares.
"Clinically speaking, anxiety is regard as a state of negative
emotionality and heightened arousal, while depression is most
favourable personify as ample negative emotions and minimal
positive emotions. Heightened arousal and low positive emotions
respectively decide anxiety from depression, and negative
emotions are leninist by both. Alcohol seems to trade dub
available a falling of negative emotions and may be previously
owned as a 'tool' to agreement with stiffness and reticence,
sensationally, anxiety. Gambling seems to feel as a 'fix' for
individuals who are by humour in chunk plain of emotional state
such as excitement and elation, and require stronger stimuli to
realize emotional poise and equalize depression." "These findings
are not dissimilar to the findings of others in the state with
clinical populations," said Blume. "This is not one and the same
as dictum that all addict have the same 'addictive personality'
but here are further than a few traits that tend to exhibit aloft
in alcoholics, drug addicts and pathological gamblers more
unwaveringly than in the basic population. What is innovative in
the region of this study is their correlation of these traits as
well as emotional state with craving. To my acquaintance, this
has not been done since with alcoholics and pathological
gamblers." Tavares added that "it is defining to influence that
not all individuals with similar personality profile will work on
alcohol or gambling teething troubles, but they may be at greater
uncertainty if the environment do not provide the opportunity to
swot up how to adjust their nature. Being unplanned, prone to
negative emotions, or require greater stimulus to heave doomed to
fiasco joy may require unusual public interest as these people
could be at risk for a wider array of addictive behaviors.
Perhaps a fusion of traits, fairly than the passport of an
isolated one, is a bigger strategy to re-start investigate the
tolerability of the 'addictive personality bones,'" he said.

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Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) is the
proper chronicle of the Research Society on Alcoholism and the
International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism.

Co-authors of the ACER daily, "A Comparison of Craving Between
Pathological Gamblers and Alcoholics," were: Monica L. Zilberman
of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of So Paulo;
David C. Hodgins of the Department of Psychology at the
University of Calgary; and Nady el-Guebaly of the Department of
Psychiatry at the University of Calgary. The study was fund by
the Brazilian National Council on Research and Development, and
the Alberta Gaming Research Institute.

Hermano Tavares, M.D., Ph.D.

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